I love social media as much as the next person, but this
whole Instagram #mcm and #wcw (Man Crush Monday and Woman Crush Wednesday)
thing is kind of silly. It seems purely superficial as mostly celebrities are
featured. I don’t typically play along with such nonsense.
But then I started thinking about the women I know
personally who are doing amazing things with their lives – giving unselfishly
in critical ways to empower women and all people. These are the women I have
crushes on. These are the women I want to promote. These are the women I want
to come alongside.
And so I came up with a short survey and will highlight a
different woman I admire each Wednesday. I chose my friend Lina to kick off this
series.
I met Lina when we both signed up to be International
Assistants at Boston
College. We quickly
became friends and danced our way through college. She is one of the most
courageous women I know, working for the United Nations in parts of the world
you and I would avoid like the plague.
Her responses to my survey are lengthy, but I could not
bring myself to cut even one word, because every word she wrote counts. Please
take the time to read this. She is extremely intelligent, witty, well-traveled,
and, despite seeing things that would cause me nightmares, she is one of the
most upbeat and happy women I know. The work she is doing can be dangerous but
it is important and worthwhile.
Please meet my friend, Lina.
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| Lina and her little love-dog |
1)
Please tell me a little about YOU.
I’m Lebanese-Palestinian, Arab-American, and all sorts of
hyphenated things. I work on gender issues – mostly gender-based violence, in
developing countries – mostly really chaotic emergency places. I’ll explain
what that means a bit later. I was 13 when I started thinking about helping
women, and 18 when I started doing something about it. I guess I’m a lot older
now! I am also a self-proclaimed geek and accidental academic. While working, I
pursued a Phd in development studies, which enabled me to “bitch constructively,”
and as a consequence I published a book on gender issues in Afghanistan
with a big title (Gender and
International Aid in Afghanistan: The Politics and Effects of Intervention)
and other Serious Things. I set my anchor down in Beirut, aka LinaHQ, but I still think I live
on an airplane!
2)
Please tell me about your work.
Here’s my complicated job description: I coordinate
gender-based violence programs in humanitarian emergencies – like conflicts and
natural disasters – big messy things. Think of contexts like the earthquake in Haiti or violence in Syria. Every situation is
different. Every DAY is different. Before I explain my work, I have to explain
some key terms. That’s because we can’t build a shared purpose unless we have a
shared understanding.
What is “gender”? I’m always surprised at the frequent
misuse of this mysterious word! Bear with a little Gender 101. In my work –
every day – I remind people that gender is not
another word for women – and it’s not another word for sex. It’s OK to say
“women” – and it’s OK to say “sex” – neither of these are bad words. And
neither of these are “gender.” Gender is not a tick-box on a form (M or F) –
just as much as sex isn’t a yes or no question on a form!
While working in Papua New Guinea, I learned that
the best way to explain it was like this: Sex is “between the legs” – and
gender is “between the ears.” So the “bits” we’re born with are understood and
negotiated and exercised based on what’s in our heads. Having certain genitalia
comes with expectations – sometimes opportunities, sometimes constraints. So
gender is how we come to understand and interpret WHAT IT MEANS to be female or
male in a certain place at a certain time. And this changes based on what is
happening in our environments.
This understanding is essential in my work because it’s a
good way to gauge what is going on in our world – the world being comprised of
lots of people’s heads all thinking in lots of different ways. That’s the stuff
I have to know before I do anything else – before I go into a new country and
try to “do something.” For my work, I have to understand how people interpret
their roles, their rights, their responsibilities. And more importantly – I
have to understand what happens if people do NOT conform to those roles. We are
lucky to live in a time where societies are working to become more open – but
there are still challenges – and we still
hear about people who are suffering EVERY DAY because they don’t conform to
society’s expectations. This happens EVERYWHERE – not just in far-off places
“over there.” So that’s gender.
What about gender-based violence? It occurs when some people
try to force others to conform to what society expects – they do this using
violence. It is directed against any PERSON – female or male – although the
vast majority of those affected are female. This violence results in physical,
sexual, emotional, psychological harm or suffering. At the core, gender-based
violence is about power – who has it, who doesn’t, how they use it, how they
ABUSE it. It is what happens when someone tries to exert power over another.
The most important thing to remember is this: gender-based violence is an ABUSE
OF POWER.
How do we end this abuse?! The solution is EQUALITY. Here’s
the unfortunate reality: equality just isn’t possible in a world where
gender-based violence – or even the fear of it – continues to exist. Because it
DOES exist, the first thing we have to do is support survivors.
In any setting – emergency or not – there are 4 things a
survivor needs:
· Medical care – to treat
injuries, to administer post-exposure prophylaxis (to prevent HIV infection),
to provide emergency contraception, to prevent STIs
· Counseling– to deal with
the trauma of the event
· Police assistance – to
report the case, to capture the perpetrator
· Legal aid – to prosecute
the perpetrator and bring some justice to the survivor
In every setting, these 4 services need to exist and need to
work together. They have to know what to do when a survivor comes to them – and
they have to treat the survivor with respect, respecting her choices and
maintaining confidentiality. There should be information campaigns so survivors
know where to go for help – posters in public bathrooms, hotlines to call, etc.
– we see a lot of this stuff around. There might be support groups – these are
a good strategy. Women worldwide are more likely to reach out to friends and
their own support networks first – so we all have an obligation to know what to
do and how to help. So that is a widely-accepted standard of services for
survivors.
But… Isn’t there any way to prevent these things from
happening in the first place? This is the longer-term, more challenging stuff.
Best way – education – starting at the most basic level – for both girls and
boys. Teaching non-violence, teaching equality, teaching human rights. Media
campaigns, role models. Positive
outlets – sports, art, etc. Security patrols, neighborhood watch, etc. –
ensuring that people – especially WOMEN – feel safe.
It is about building a society that believes in and
practices non-violence in every way. It is about treating each other with
respect – whether we agree with each other’s choices or not. It’s the stuff
that starts at home as kids – and we perpetuate these messages with our own
kids. It’s so important that we BELIEVE in non-violence, so we actually stand a
chance to ACHIEVE it.
 |
| In the Kibera slum (Kenya) |
So… what’s different in an emergency? We’ve got a few facts
to start:
Fact #1: As I
mentioned, gender-based violence occurs everywhere –
I haven’t heard of a country with a clean record yet! There are no boundaries
or exceptions. It is not something that happens to “other people” “over there.”
Fact #2: Even before
an emergency, women are MORE vulnerable because of their lower status in just
about every country – they are more poor, they have less political voice, less
mobility, less education, less access to health care, etc.
Fact #3: In emergency
contexts, gender-based violence – PARTICULARLY SEXUAL VIOLENCE – increases
because of the absence of law and order, lack of support services, increased
vulnerability, breakdown of community networks, etc. We even saw this in the U.S. after
Hurricane Katrina.
Fact #4: Emergencies
are more dangerous for women – and women become even MORE vulnerable – and are
increasingly being targeted. The reality is this: women are being DELIBERATELY
targeted in contexts of conflict. Women’s bodies are the NEW battleground. To
drive the point home – a UN peacekeeper in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
said: “It is now more dangerous to be a woman than a soldier in modern
conflicts.” SCARY.
The nature of war has changed. In
so-called “modern conflicts,” 90% of fatalities are civilians – many women and
children. Women are the “easier targets” – they are more likely to be victims
of direct attacks on civilian populations, they are more often the “collateral
damage,” and they suffer more when essential services collapse. But the most
alarming trend of all is what we call “rape as a weapon of war” – this is a
crime against humanity. We can imagine what this does to women, but it also
forces populations to flee and breaks down communities. Even the FEAR of
violence prevents women from movement – rendering them even MORE vulnerable.
We all heard about the mass rapes
in Bosnia.
Rwandan genocide: 500,000 women raped. Congo: beyond our ability to count.
The list of conflicts, violations, tragedies is far bigger than this article
allows. And another disturbingly accurate quote – this time from Amnesty
International: “Rape is cheaper than bullets.”
And what about natural disasters?
Surely they must affect women and men equally, right? Nope. More women than men
died in the 2004 Tsunami. Why? Women were home. In contexts where women’s
mobility is restricted, they are not likely to leave home, even as a wave
approaches. And many women were not taught how to swim. They are more
encumbered by clothing that limits their movements. And they have children –
how can they save them all?
But women are not just victims of
these horrible crimes and tragedies. Women are survivors who help countries
recover more quickly from emergencies. Women are resilient – natural
cultivators of social safety nets and community networks, build bridges between
warring communities, increase community resilience to future disasters. In
EVERY emergency, women are the ones who will ALWAYS know who’s missing, who
needs help, and how to help them.
So
given the unpredictability of humanitarian emergencies, what do we do? Our first priority in an emergency is the survivor –
helping her access services (health care, counseling, etc.). Often those
services are very few – or don’t exist – they may not have existed before the
emergency either. But if they did exist, after the emergency they are now
probably:
o
Empty, abandoned,
destroyed
o
Miles away
o
Inaccessible by any
available transport
o
Poorly stocked
o
Understaffed
o
In an area controlled
by rebels
o
Surrounded by
landmines
o
Flattened by an
earthquake
o
Or all of the above –
all at once
So a “typical day in
the office” for me is:
o Finding out if any services existed before the emergency
o And of those that existed, finding those services that
actually still DO exist after the emergency
o And of those that still DO exist, finding the services that
have staff, stock and whatever else we need
o And if we manage to find those staffed, stocked services,
we have to get the survivors to them
o And if we don’t find those services, we have to find ways
to create them
o … and staff and stock them
o (… and find the money for all this, of course)
o And when we have created, staffed, stocked the services, we
have to find ways to inform people that they exist
o (… in a context where people speak many different languages
or dialects, or might be illiterate, or might not have access to any means of
communication, or might not even want to talk about these things in the first
place!)
o And once people are informed by whatever means available,
we have to help them get there by whatever means of transport still exist
o And if they get there, we have to make sure they are not
further victimized while there, or upon their return to the camp or wherever
they live
o And if they have nowhere to live, we have to find adequate
shelter or safe housing
o And we have to make sure that the services “speak to each
other” so a survivor can be referred to services she needs so she can get all
the care she deserves – we have to know what happens to her – the job doesn’t
end when she is in a clinic – in fact it’s just beginning!
And when everything is all perfect (or not!) and functioning
(or not!), at the end of it all – a survivor might choose NOT to go anywhere at
all – and that has to be OK with us. It’s about giving a survivor choices – and
then she decides what to do – and what works for her. The HIV positive women’s
movement has a great slogan that exemplifies this – their right to make the
decisions that work best for them. They say: “Nothing about us, without us.” So
my job is to make sure a survivor knows the choices available to her – and that
she can access them. And I need to make sure that she feels we are working for
her – and with her.
It’s not just about
available services, but also about how a survivor is treated when she accesses
a service. Do clinics know how to treat survivors? Do they know what to look
for if she hasn’t explicitly stated what happened? Do they refer survivors to
counseling? Do the counselors know what to say? Are cases confidential? And
what about the police? Will they take the report and follow up? Or will they
send her home and say it’s her fault? There
are a LOT of loose ends. And I have to be the
bridge.
But at the same time, we have to be proactive
and think about prevention. There are hundreds of thousands of people now
living in camps – because they’ve crossed a border to escape a war, or because
they’ve lost their home in a flood, or because they have nowhere else to go. Thinking about prevention in that setting means thinking of
things like:
· Latrines:
where are they? Can women get to them? Can they be locked? Do women have
separate facilities? Are they safe?
· The layout of
a camp: where do women and girls who have been separated from their families
sleep? Or are they forced to share tents with men they don’t know? Is the camp
well lit? Do women feel safe?
· Water
sources: can women access water without venturing out of the camp? Can they get
to the well? Again – are women safe?
· (You’re
seeing the theme here, clearly?)
· And what
about food distribution: are women able to get a share of food? Or are they
forced to provide sexual services before receiving rations? Can they reach distribution
points?
· IS - IT -
SAFE?
Here’s the bottom line: If women don’t feel safe, then NO
ONE is safe. That’s my barometer. And that’s what I ask women and girls when I
speak to them – Do you feel safe? What
will it take to make you feel safe?
So how do we know all this is working? Are we making an
impact at all? How can we measure our work in an emergency? The reality is
this: Gender-based violence is under-reported
everywhere – even in countries like the U.S. with well-functioning,
high-quality services. Now imagine a place in
the midst of war, or the aftermath of an earthquake – all basic services are
lost. And people aren’t reporting cases anyway
– they are struggling for SURVIVAL. In
emergencies, we can’t get accurate numbers. And journalists keep asking for
numbers – how many women have been raped in this camp? How many women?!
I think even ONE CASE
of rape is one too many.
But at the same time, we need to better
understand the situation so we know if we’re doing the right thing. There are safe and ethical ways to
collect data on gender-based violence. But
the priority is SAFETY and SERVICES for the survivor first.
3) Why are you passionate about what you do?
Maybe some startling figures will help explain why I’m
passionate about this work:
- 1
in 3 women WORLDWIDE will experience some form of violence in their lifetime –
including in the U.S.
- 1
in 5 girls worldwide are sexually abused, 1 in 10 boys…
- 1
in 6 females in the U.S.
will experience rape or attempted rape in their lifetime
- We are surrounded by violence – and violence is made far
worse by conflict, disaster, and poverty
- There
are 2.5 billion so-called “poor people” in the world (people living on less
than $2/day)
- 2/3
of those 2.5 billion poor people are women
This helps put things into perspective. In fact, it put
everything into perspective for me. Violence against women is the most
pervasive human rights violation in the world. Every culture, every society,
every religion, every time period – even now – no exceptions. No one is immune.
And we are all responsible.
Heavy stuff. I was 13. And this is the stuff that got me
going. When I first heard these things, saw these things, that was it! I KNEW
something wrong – and KNEW that I had a duty to do something about it.
I didn’t find this field – it kinda found me. It was one of
those cool little hiccups, a happy accident.
I took a class in my high school called Comparative Women’s
History. I learned what happened to women around the world – I saw photos of a
bound foot, learned about female genital cutting, acid burning, breaking ribs
to fit into a corset – all forms of violence in all cultures. It was the only
class that kept me up at night because I wanted to stay up – not because I had
to! Actually – I was haunted. I couldn’t sleep even if I wanted to. I still
feel that way sometimes today. From that point on – all the papers I have ever
written have been on women’s issues – mostly dealing with violence against
women. I’m what you might call a prototypical “one-trick pony!”
 |
| Marching in solidarity with women in Mali (Dakar, Senegal) |
3 things
solidified my fate:
1. I felt a sense of
obligation to do something
2. I believed I would be
good at it
3. and I was passionate
about it
When those three factors collide – that’s it!
4) Why is it important to help others?
Basically this – we have to accept the challenge to change
what needs to be changed. If something isn’t working or isn’t right – FIX IT.
We can’t hit the snooze button! Our silence implies consent – consent to all
the sh**ty things going on in the world. And – there is a lot of work to do!
All over the world – even in the U.S. – many still don’t believe
that a woman has a right to choose what happens to her OWN body. We face
inequality and injustice at every turn. Women are still raped in every country
– EVERY COUNTRY. Unfortunately, I will never be out of a job. And that makes me
angry. So here I am, trying to clean things up!
But there is a recipe for positive change – that 3-part
collision – our duty, our talent, and our hearts. At the same time, if you want
to enter into this work, it isn’t about self-sacrifice. You have to be good to
yourself. It took me a while to learn this one. But it’s particularly important
in my field or I will wind up emotionally flat – and useless to anyone else.
Sometimes I have to live in a tent, poo in a hole, not shower
for days. But once I’m out of the bush, you’ll find me getting a pedicure,
scoffing some sushi, buying new shoes I know I can’t wear in Chad… and that
is ok!
5) How can readers contribute/participate/come
alongside you?
I’ll put my favorite quote here… although it belongs
anywhere/everywhere!
I share it all the time because it is one of the most
powerful things I’ve EVER heard. It was in 2003, I was living in Afghanistan.
I asked a young Afghan man what he thought of the work that was being done for
women in his country, and he said: “The world thought they could bring freedom
to Afghan women – but freedom is only won from the inside.”
I think this quote brings together so much of what I believe
– to start here where we are, to work from the inside first – inside ourselves,
our homes, our classrooms, our communities – and to keep going from there!
The point is that we cannot be free unless ALL OF US are
free.
6) What makes a woman truly beautiful?
Confidence. Courage. Passion. Fire in the belly. To be a
woman who believes in herself – and believes in other women. To be a woman who
knows what she wants – and who goes for it.
7) What do you like to do in your free time?
What free time?! Haha. I love being home – reading, playing
with the pup, watching a movie, making a fuss over myself, a glass of good
wine, some yummy dark chocolates – being good to me! I also love to go out –
especially to eat! A new restaurant in town?! Gotta try it – whether I’m in Beirut or Bamako!
I still love to go dancing – especially in West Africa.
And I travel – for play, for work, for passion.
8) Since you’re getting on my shoebox, what’s your
favorite kind of shoe?
Depends on where I am – and who I am – in the moment. I love
heels when I’m out in the evenings. Fluffy slippers at home. Sneakers when I’m
traveling. I have a bazillion shoes – to suit my bazillion personalities!
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| Me and Lina reunited last month after a long 12 years! (California) |
*****
OK, I’m getting off my shoebox now.
